Leonurine Hydrochloride£¬IC-032669

Biological Activity  

Leonurine hydrochloride is an alkaloid isolated from *Leonurus artemisia*, exhibiting potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.  

In Vitro Studies  

- Lipid Metabolism & Cholesterol Regulation:  

  - Leonurine (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 ¦ÌM) reduces lipid accumulation and decreases cellular cholesterol content, including total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC), and cholesterol ester (CE).  

  - Enhances apoA-I- and HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux in human THP-1 macrophages after 24-hour treatment.  

  - Upregulates ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression at mRNA and protein levels in a PPAR¦Ã-dependent manner[1].  

- Hepatoprotective & Anti-Steatotic Effects:  

  - Leonurine hydrochloride (LH) protects HepG2 and HL-7702 cells from palmitic acid (PA)-induced lipotoxicity.  

  - At concentrations of 125, 250, 500 ¦ÌM, LH reduces lipid accumulation via activation of the AMPK/SREBP1 pathway[2].  

Anti-Inflammatory & Cartilage Protection:  Leonurine (5, 10, 20 ¦ÌM) suppresses IL-1¦Âinduced expression of iNOS, COX-2, PGE2, NO, TNF-¦Á, and IL-6 in human chondrocytes.  

In Vivo Studies  

- Lipid Metabolism & Atheroprotection:  

  - Leonurine (10 mg/kg/d, p.o.) increases serum levels of PPAR¦Ã, LXR¦Á, ABCA1, and ABCG1 while reducing TG and TC in mice[1].  

- Hepatic Steatosis Improvement:  

  - Leonurine hydrochloride (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) activates the AMPK/SREBP1 pathway, reduces hepatic lipid peroxidation, and enhances antioxidant capacity in mice[2].  

- Osteoarthritis (OA) Protection:  

  - Leonurine (20 mg/kg, oral) mitigates OA progression in a DMM-induced mouse model[3].  

Physicochemical Properties  

- Molecular Weight: 347.79  

- Formula: C₁₄H₂₂ClN₃O₅  

- CAS No.: 24735-18-0  

- Appearance: White to off-white solid  

Structural Classification  

- Class: Alkaloids ¡ú Other Alkaloids ¡ú Phenols ¡ú Monophenols  

- Natural Source: Derived from *Leonurus artemisia* (Lamiaceae family).  

Storage & Handling  

- Storage:  

  - 4¡ãC, sealed, protected from moisture.  

  - For long-term storage: -80¡ãC (6 months) or -20¡ãC (1 month) in a sealed container.  

- Solubility:  

  - DMSO: ¡Ý 31 mg/mL (89.13 mM; *hygroscopic DMSO may affect solubility*).  

  - Water: 5 mg/mL (14.38 mM; requires sonication).  

*"¡Ý" indicates solubility but saturation is unknown.*  

Shipping Conditions  

- Shipped at room temperature (continental U.S.); other regions may vary.  

*For research use only. Not for human or veterinary use.*

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