Vancomycin hydrochloride, IC-03348700
Product Introduction
Vancomycin hydrochloride is a tricyclic glycopeptide antibiotic derived from Amycolatopsis orientalis (formerly Nocardia orientalis) that exerts potent bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin binds with high specificity to the D-alanyl-D-alanine (D-Ala-D-Ala) terminus of peptidoglycan precursors on the bacterial cell wall, sterically inhibiting transpeptidation and transglycosylation reactions essential for peptidoglycan cross-linking and cell wall biosynthesis. This mechanism results in the disruption of cell wall integrity, leading to osmotic lysis and bacterial cell death. Vancomycin is clinically reserved as a last-line antibiotic for the treatment of serious, multidrug-resistant Gram-positive infections including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Clostridioides difficile-associated pseudomembranous colitis (oral administration), and enterococcal infections. In research settings, vancomycin is widely used as a selective agent in microbiological culture media for the isolation and identification of Gram-negative bacteria, for susceptibility testing, and for studies of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis and antibiotic resistance mechanisms including vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).
Product Features
1. Potent Glycopeptide Antibiotic: Specifically inhibits Gram-positive bacterial cell wall biosynthesis by binding to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of peptidoglycan precursors.
2. High Potency: Supplied at ¡Ý900 µg/mg potency, suitable for reproducible microbiological and research applications.
3. Selective Agent for Gram-Negative Isolation: Effectively suppresses Gram-positive bacterial growth, enabling selective isolation of Gram-negative bacteria from mixed cultures.
4. Cell Wall Biosynthesis Research Tool: Essential reagent for studying peptidoglycan synthesis, transpeptidation mechanisms, and vancomycin resistance pathways.
5. Clinically Relevant: Reference standard for antibiotic susceptibility testing and resistance mechanism studies in MRSA, VRE, and C. difficile research.
Specifications
Size: Available in 1 g and 5 g
CAS Number: 1404-93-9
Potency: ¡Ý900 µg/mg
Molecular Weight: 1485.71
Molecular Formula: C66H75Cl2N9O24¡¤HCl
Solubility: Water: ¡Ý50 mg/mL; limited solubility in organic solvents
Storage and Stability
Storage Conditions: Store at 2-8¡ãC under inert atmosphere, protected from light and moisture.
Shelf Life: The product is stable for 36 months from the date of manufacture when stored as directed.
Protocol (For Reference Only)
Important: Vancomycin is a potent antibiotic. Handle with appropriate safety precautions. Prepare stock solutions freshly and filter sterilize for microbiological applications.
1. Stock Solution Preparation: Dissolve vancomycin hydrochloride in sterile deionized water to prepare a concentrated stock solution (e.g., 10-50 mg/mL). Vortex thoroughly to ensure complete dissolution. Filter sterilize through a 0.22 µm membrane for microbiological applications. Aliquot and store at -20¡ãC for up to 3 months.
2. Selective Isolation of Gram-Negative Bacteria: Supplement culture media (e.g., Mueller-Hinton agar, tryptic soy agar, or nutrient agar) with vancomycin at a final concentration of 5-10 µg/mL. Vancomycin inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, facilitating the selective isolation of Gram-negative species from mixed clinical or environmental samples.
3. Susceptibility Testing: For minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination by broth microdilution, prepare a serial dilution of vancomycin in appropriate culture medium (typically 0.125-128 µg/mL for staphylococci and enterococci). Inoculate with standardized bacterial suspension and incubate according to CLSI or EUCAST guidelines.
4. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) Studies: For VRE screening, use vancomycin at concentrations of 6-32 µg/mL in selective agar media. Confirm resistance phenotype by determining MIC values and characterizing resistance genes (vanA, vanB) by PCR.
5. Cell Wall Biosynthesis Assays: For biochemical studies of peptidoglycan synthesis, use vancomycin at concentrations of 1-100 µg/mL in in vitro reconstitution assays. Monitor inhibition of transpeptidation by measuring incorporation of radiolabeled or fluorescent peptidoglycan precursors.
Precautions
1. Vancomycin is a potent antibiotic; handle with appropriate safety precautions. Avoid inhalation of powder and contact with skin or mucous membranes.
2. Store at 2-8¡ãC under inert atmosphere to prevent moisture absorption and oxidative degradation.
3. Stock solutions in water should be filter sterilized and stored at -20¡ãC for up to 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
4. Vancomycin is incompatible with strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents. Use only neutral aqueous buffers for dissolution.
5. For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
FAQ (Simplified)
Q1: What is the mechanism of action of vancomycin?
A1: Vancomycin binds specifically to the D-alanyl-D-alanine (D-Ala-D-Ala) terminus of peptidoglycan precursors on the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall, sterically inhibiting the transpeptidation and transglycosylation reactions required for peptidoglycan cross-linking. This disrupts cell wall integrity, causing osmotic lysis and cell death.
Q2: What is the recommended concentration for Gram-negative selective isolation?
A2: Vancomycin at 5-10 µg/mL in culture media effectively suppresses the growth of most Gram-positive bacteria while allowing the growth of Gram-negative species. Optimize the concentration for specific sample types and target organisms.
Q3: How should I prepare vancomycin stock solutions?
A3: Dissolve vancomycin hydrochloride in sterile deionized water at a concentration of 10-50 mg/mL. Vortex thoroughly to ensure complete dissolution. Filter sterilize (0.22 µm) for microbiological applications. Aliquot and store at -20¡ãC for up to 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Q4: Can vancomycin be used for eukaryotic cell culture contamination control?
A4: Vancomycin is active against Gram-positive bacteria only and is not effective against Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, or mycoplasma. For cell culture applications, broader-spectrum antibiotic cocktails are typically used. Vancomycin may be included at 5-50 µg/mL in combination with other antibiotics for specific contamination control strategies.
Disclaimer
1. For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
2. Due to the variable nature of biological research, optimization of antibiotic concentrations is recommended for specific experimental systems.
3. This warranty is limited to the replacement of the product. The manufacturer assumes no liability for incidental or consequential damages, including loss of samples or data.
4. Wear appropriate protective clothing and gloves when handling this product. Vancomycin is a potent antibiotic; review the Safety Data Sheet before handling.
Ordering Information
Catalog Number: IC-03348700
Product Name: Vancomycin hydrochloride
Size: 1 g / 5 g
Price:
1 g: CNY ¥1050.00 / USD $105.00 / EUR €126.00 / JPY ¥18900.00
5 g: CNY ¥3550.00 / USD $355.00 / EUR €426.00 / JPY ¥63900.00
2023 Version
